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Volume 3562

MANGANI GRAMMAR II

by Jairo Uparella
An Detailed Expansion of the Mangani-Ape/English Language
Created by Edgar Rice Burroughs in his Series of Tarzan Books
View the alternate WORD file HERE
MANGANI GRAMMAR LESSON 11
Rule 5.7: The suffix "ze"
A difference between some verbs, abstract nouns and adjectives in the same context
is done with the use of the suffix –ze, joined together the verb, becoming this in an adjective.
pan-vo
weakness
pan-vo
to weaken 
pan-vo-ze
weak
t`a
darkness
t`a
to darken
t`a-ze
dark 

Past participle as adjective:

dak
fat
dak
to get fat
dak-ze
swelled
pan-lul
weeping
pan-lul
toweep
pan-lul-ze
wept 

Present perfect of the sentences is built by putting the verb “kewa” (have, has) before the main verb.

(ka) kewa adu-ze
have lost (himself)
(ka) kewa akut-nga-ze Mangani
have taught Mangani himself
kewa kree-ze
have destroyed

Other examples:

ado
clenness
ado
to clean
ado-ze
cleaned
akut-nga
training
nga’kut
to teach
akut-nga-ze
trained
ban
change
ban
to exchange
ban-ze
changed
dak
fat
dak
to get fat
dak-ze
greasy
dom
judgment
dom
to judge
dom-ze
judged
id-do
brightness
id-do
to shine
id-do-ze
shone
kree
disaster
kree
to destroy
kree-ze
harmful

Common adjective:

es-ze
rough
fee`ta-ze
stupid
t`dane-ze
honest
t`litu-ze
blunt
t`fee-ah-ze
ugly


MANGANI GRAMMAR LESSON 12
Rule 5.8:The suffix "ag"
Mangani doesn’t use superlatives, only comparative words.
One easy way to get a comparative word is by means of adding the suffix “ag” to an adjective, without the suffix “ze”:
el
gracefulness
el-ze
funny
el-ag
funnier
fee
congeniality
fee-ze
congenial
fee-ag
more congenial
gu-mado
aching
gu-mado-ze
sick
gu-mado-ag
sicker
koho
warmimg
koho-ze
hot
koho-ag
hotter
sord
bad
sord-ze
bad
sord-ag
worse
zuvo
fortress
zuvo-ze
strong
zuvo-ag
stronger

Other examples:

es-ag
rougher
fee`ta-ag
more stupid
t`dane-ag
more honest
t`litu-ag
blunter
t`fee-ah-ag
uglier


MANGANI GRAMMAR LESSON 13
Rule 5.9: The suffix "ah"
The expression “ah”, works as an intensifier (it is not a superlative) of any word,
for changing its meaning indicating something biggest, extraordinary, exceptional, amazing, and unexpected.
buk
movement
buk-ah
unexpected event
der
request
der-ah
exigency
gree
love
gree-ah
adoration
hane
work
hane-ah
to create
knu
question
knu-ah
investigation
rem
to catch
rem-ah
to grasp
* The prefix “eta” works in opposition of the intensifier or suffix “ah”.


MANGANI GRAMMAR LESSON 14
Rule 5.10: Other words as affixes
Some normal words can be used to build another word to make more explicit the context or explanation:
The word “ba” which meaning is “extension of” is used as prefix or suffix:
wang
arm
ba wang
b’wang
hand
ba wang-gash
b’wang-gash
knife
tho
mouth
ba tho
b’tho
tongue
zan
skin
ba zan
b’zan
hair

The word “do” which means “act”, can be used as suffix:

akut
intelligence
akut-do
to understand
amba
to fall
amba-do
to slip
kor
to walk
kor-do
to dance
yo
friend
yo-do
to thank for


MANGANI GRAMMAR LESSON 15
Rule 6: Plurals
Mangani have no plurals. Any noun can be either singular or plural.
As in Rule 4., the term “ho” indicates “some”, “not much”, and the term “eho”,
specifies “many”, “much of something”.
Example:
wala
house
ho-wala
many nest. Houses. village
kando
ant
eho-kando
ants
dan
rock
eho-dan
rocks, (adv.always)
rota
happiness, laugh
eho-rota
much happiness

MANGANI GRAMMAR LESSON 16
Rule 7: Pronouns
Mangani do not use pronouns.  Instead of that, they just use the nouns and make hand motions.
Instead of “I”, they just say their own name.
Instead of “you”, singular or plural, they just say the person’s name or point at the others.
In preference to “he”, “she”, or “they”, they use the person’s name or point in whichever direction the person is or are.
As in the cases of “here” and “there”, they just point down or in the direction of the place they are referring to.
spkr -
rem sopu
I bring fruit
spkr -
spkr, rem sopu
I, spkr, bring fruit
spkr - 
(pointing to him, lstr) rem sopu
you, lstr, bring fruit
spkr -
lstr, unk rem sopu!
you, lstr, go and bring fruit!
spkr -
othr, rem sopu
he, othr, brings fruit
spkr -
meea sopu
it produces fruit
spkr -
(hand in chest, later pointing) rem sopu!
we bring fruit.
spkr -
(pointing to us) rem sopu!
you all bring fruit!
spkr -
(pointing to them) rem sopu!
they bring fruit!
spkr = speaker         lstr = listener         othr = other

Common gender

Mu (she) and bu (he) are adjectives utilized to denote either masculine or female, e.g. a he or a she, the same as in the English she-cat.
mubalu 
daughter
bubalu
son
mu-akuto
a female teacher
bu-akuto
amaleteacher
mu-yo
a girl friend
bu-yo
a boy friend

Some other nouns do not need to be expressed this way because its sex is defined, e.g.:

numa
lion
sabor
lioness
tantor
male elephant
torda
female elephant
kalo
cow
klu
hen
tanklu
rooster

MANGANI GRAMMAR LESSON 17
Rule 8: Demonstrative and possessives adjectives
Indicates distance and possession in relation with the noun.
wo
this 
wob
that
wo wala yud zu
this house is big
wob sord tarmangani gogo nur
that bad Tarmangani tells lies
wob kalo yud lufo ho wala
that cow is near the village

Possessive adjectives agree with the thing possessed.

emo
my
eto
your
ebo
his
ema
her
ebo, ema
its
ora
our
ius
your
eth
their

Examples:

wob yud ora wala
that is our hose
eth ho wala yud zu-ze
their houses are big
ema balu kewa gu-mado-ze
her son is sick 
kewa amba-eta-ze eto bund-rala
I have found your weapon

The English possessive adjective “Its”
The adjective “Its” (m. ebo, ema) can be used to express possession with respect to an animal, human being or plant.

ebo balu
his son
ema balu
her son
balu ul Numa
son of lion
cub 
balu ul Tarmangani
son of man
boy 
balu ul den-eta
son of plant
sprout


MANGANI GRAMMAR LESSON 18
Mangani in Present Tense
All the words in Mangani are in Present tense (also corresponding to infinitive, verbal nouns or gerund in English).
There are not verbs conjugations.
As in English, Present tense locates a situation or event in present time and may be used
to express actions, a current state, an occurrence in the future, or an action that started in the past and continues.
amba
fall, to fall, falling
aro
shot, to shoot, shooting
bund
end, to end, ending
da
force, to force, forcing
hane
fact, work, to do, to make, making, doing
id-do
brightness, to shine, shinning
kewa
possession, to have, to possesses, having
knu
question, to ask, questioning
pane
cover, to wrap, packing
t`unk
expectation, to wait, waiting
tawa
scratch, to scratch, scratching
utor-do
fright, to frighten, frightening
uze
use, to use, using

Figurative Dialog

Ape –
Barkak-unk-wala, unk-Tarzan. Tarzan unk?
Barkak go home, with Tarzan. Tarzan go?
Tarzan -
Tarzan tand-unk-wala, Tarzan unk-lul
Tarzan no go home. Tarzan go-water.
Ape –
Tarzan rem pisah? (unk-rem-pisah) 
Tarzan fish?
Tarzan - 
Tarzan tand-rem pisah. Tarzan lul-kor (unk-lul-kor)
Tarzan no fish. Tarzan swimming.
Ape - 
Unk-yat, zu-horta-lu
Look!, big-Horta-fierce.
Tarzan -
Yato-e?
Where?
Ape -
Gugu zu den, lufo gom-lul
In front of big tree, close to river.
Tarzan -
Kreeg-horta, eho-da zutho
Danger Horta, force in big mouth.
Ape -
Tarzan utor?(yud utor-ze)
Tarzan frightened?
Tarzan -
Tand-utor. Horta bund-eta, Tarzan bundolo Horta
No, if  Horta try to attack, Tarzan will kill Horta.


MANGANI GRAMMAR LESSON 19
Mangani in Present Perfect tense
Present perfect is built by putting the verb “kewa” (have, has) before the main verb.
It can be used to explain something that just happened in the nearest past.
(ka) kewa adu-ze
have lost (himself)
(ka) kewa akut-nga-ze Mangani
have taught Mangani himself
kewa kree-ze
have destroyed
Tantor kewa kree-ze eta-wala
Tantor have destroyed the shelter

More examples:

goda
surrender
ka-goda
surrender (oneself)
ka kewa goda-ze
(I)(you)(he) have/has surrendered
abu-nala
to stand up
ka-abu-nala
you, stand up!
ka kewa abu-nala-ze
(I)(you)(he) have/has stood up
akut-gogo
to advise
ka akut-gogo
advise (you)(me)
ka kewa akut-gogo-ze
(you)(he) have/has advised me
Tarzan ka kewa akut-gogo-ze knu-do Mangani
Tarzan have advised me to learn Mangani


MANGANI GRAMMAR LESSON 20
Mangani in Past
There is no words in past.
In order to build sentences in past, you can add some expressions, before the phrase,
indicating that the speaker is going to say something that happened some days or nights ago.
The word “rand” (back) is used as the English “ago”, at the end of the expression.
Examples:
a-rand
yesterday
ho-a-rand
some years ago, some days ago
eho-a-rand
many years ago, many days ago
ho-goro-rand
some nights ago
ho-kudu-rand
some days ago
a-rand, knu-do eho rea ul Magani
yesterday, (I) learned many words of the Mangani
kewa knu-do-ze eho rea ul Mangani
(I) have learned many words of the Mangani
Ho-goro-rand, eho lu-kando lana zee ul Tarzan. Tarzan, balu-den bund ho-kando. Ga-b’yat kando
Many nights ago, a lot of fierce ants stung the leg of Tarzan. Tarzan with a stick killed many ants. They were red-head ants.
Ho-kudu-rand, Tarzan, ry-balu-den, etarad bundolo-eta sheeta. Meeta tand bund sheeta
Many suns ago, Tarzan with his bow and arrow, tried to kill sheeta, but Meeta avoided it 
Ho-a-rand, Tarzan, b’wang gash yut-o un ul Bara. Bara bund 
Many days ago, Tarzan with knife, stab the loin of Bara. Bara died 


MANGANI GRAMMAR
by Jairo Uparella

Introduction
Lessons 1-10
Lessons 11-20
Lessons 21-27
Dictionary


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