* Actually March 23, 1897, after ten months' service ** September 30, 1942
+ On October 3, 1941, a little more than three months after the German invasion of Russia, the US granted the Soviets credit for $1 billion in materiel and other lend-lease aid. A new agreement went into effect July 1, 1942. ++ October 21, 1943
* November 11, 1942
** December 1, 1942
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* January 4, 1943 ** February 14, 1943 + March 20, 1943
+ Commanded by Major General James H. Doolittle, carrier-based army (B-25) bombers
raided Tokyo on April 18, 1943. The airmen who had been forced down and captured
by the Japanese were publicly beheaded.